Surveys show that consumers tend to avoid traditional marketing channels, leading the practitioners to use earned media channels through public relations (PR). This has also led to the use of Covert PR. To understand the use of this communications method, the purpose of this thesis is to study campaigns, which have gained transmission in social media, by investigating how practitioners of three different campaigns motivate the choice to use Covert PR.The study is based on a hermeneutic methodology and has an abductive approach. It is carried out by semi-structured elite interviews with six contributors of three different campaigns, using Covert PR. The primary data consists of the empery of the interviews, while the secondary data consists of a theoretical framework of excellence in public relations, the PR practice and viral messages.The result of the study indicates the point of view that Covert PR has given the campaigns a wider reach.

The meaning of the covert co-ownership is that the parties must have intended that the property should be their common. A party must, to be able to claim ownership, have con-tributed to the acquisition financing through the financial contribution. Further shall the fact that the property should be their common be agreed or have been assumed by the par-ties. There are the circumstances for the purchase that should be considered in determining if covert co-ownership is presumed. Covert co-ownership has been established although one party only contributed a small part to the acquisition.

Det finns olika metoder som kan användas för att komma ihåg instuderat material. Det har visats att resultatet på ett minnestest förbättras avsevärt om man under inlärning har testats på instuderat material, jämfört med att enbart ha studerat materialet utan testning, detta kallas testeffekten. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka hur viktigt svarsformatet är för testeffekten där 38 försöksdeltagare fick studera 48 ordpar för att sedan bli testade vid två olika tillfällen (efter 5 minuter respektive 1 vecka). Svarsformatet manipulerades vid både inlärning (covert/overt) och slutlig testning, enligt teorin om transfer-appropriate processing (kongruent/inkongruent). Resultatet visade en signifikant huvudeffekt av svarsformat, sådan att overt framplockning ledde till bättre minnesprestation än covert framplockning.

Monroedoktrinen skapades 1823 av den amerikanske presidenten James Monroe. Sedan dess har doktrinen utgjort en betydande del av den amerikanska utrikespolitiken gentemot Latinamerika. Medvetet eller omedvetet har doktrinen blivit en integrerad del i den amerikanska säkerhets- & utrikespolitiken. Genom Monroedoktrinen och dess korollarier har USA haft en förevändning att intervenera närhelst de ansett att intressena, som ska tillvaratas i doktrinen, har utmanats. Vi har i denna uppsats valt att analysera tre fall av amerikansk intervention i Latinamerika med målet att finna en gemensam drivkraft bakom amerikansk utrikespolitik i Latinamerika.

Den 11 september 1973 avsattes den chilenska presidenten Salvador Allende under en militärkupp. Senare har det kommit till känna att den amerikanska regeringen under lång tid varit inblandade i motarbetandet av Allende. Den amerikanska underättelsetjänsten CIA var den organisation som genomförde de olika hemliga operationerna som utgjorde en stor del av den amerikanska utrikespolitiken mot Chile. Vi har i detta arbete undersökt hur pass autonomt CIA kunnat agera i genomförandet av den amerikanska utrikespolitiken samt hur man skulle kunna förklara detta. Vi har kommit fram till att CIA:s autonomi har varierat över tid, men varit som mest påtaglig i samband med mordet på den chilenska generalen Rene Schneider..

The eyewitnessed reportage has a pronounced character of narrating. The imaginative power of the text helps the reader to empathise with the characters. That makes constructing empathy a necessary skill of reporters. But how can this be done?Despite a tradition of story telling among reporters, narratologists virtually have neglected the reportage genre.

The eyewitnessed reportage has a pronounced character of narrating. The imaginative power of the text helps the reader to empathise with the characters. That makes constructing empathy a necessary skill of reporters. But how can this be done?Despite a tradition of story telling among reporters, narratologists virtually have neglected the reportage genre.

Sweden currently has no legislated regulation of lobbying, but the professional lobbyist can voluntarily subscribe to, among others, the professional code of standars created by the trade association of Public Relations, Precis. There is an ongoing discussion in Sweden to regulate lobbying, both in mass media and in politics. This study examines this debate and focus on which arguments there are for and against lobbying regulation in Sweden. It also attempts to identify the differences, if there are any, between left and rights parties with regards to their views on regulation of lobbying.Tha main method used was document analysis of parliamentary bills which have been raised concerning a lobbying regulation in Sweden. In the theory section, I include four different types of requirements placed on democratic lobbying (se for example Jaatinen 1998, Kitchen 1999, Larsson 2005, Möller 2009 and Naurin 2001).